CHRONOLOGY OF LANDMARKS IN DIABETES MELLITUS (HISTORY): HISTORY OF OHA (ORAL HYPOGLYCAEMIC AGENTS)

Herbals and minerals for ages :
1918 : Watnbe Expt. proof of guanidine’s hypoglycaemic properties. 1926 : Frank – modified guanidine Synthalin A , Decreased use of Synthalin due to Hepatotoxicity.
1932 : Ruiz – Hypoglycaemic effect of sulfas noted. 1942 : Janbon Loubatiers – Trial of 225 RP in typhoid cases. Symptoms of hypo noted – Confirmed in animals
1955 : Frank and Fuchs – Use of BZ55 as an anti-infective agent; rediscovery of ‘Hypo’ effect in sulfas.
1956-1960 : Era of 1st Generation Sulfonylureas, 1957 : UNGER – Reintroduced guanidine compound – phenformin. 1961-1970 : Controversial UDGP study. 1969 : Onwards 2nd generation sulfonylureas.
1977 : New Compound Acarbose. Novel Compound (New) for NIDDM : These are: lYoglitazone, Repaglinide,
Glimepiride (Amaryl) already marketed in India is having good response.
*3\329\8*

TYPE 2 DIABETES: COMPLICATIONS OF NEUROPATHY

Peripheral sensory polyneuropathy is present in 5-10%of people at the time of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. In prospective studies with standard management, 40-50% have evidence of peripheral sensory neuropathy after 10 years of type 2 diabetes. The diagnosis is usually made by a careful history and physical examination. The symptoms of peripheral sensory polyneuropathy in diabetes are listed in Table 5. Significant physical findings may suggest the presence of peripheral sensory polyneuropathy. Finally, the diagnosis may be confirmed by sensory testing with simple, user-friendly instruments.
The 10-gram monofilament is used to assess pressure sensation and has been shown to be a good test for predicting ulceration. Insensitivity is defined as no sensation after a force sufficient to cause the filament to buckle. Generally, testing is done on at least one of four plantar sites on the forefoot, including the great toe and the first, third, and fifth metatarsal heads. Decreased to absent vibration sensation, as assessed by a tuning fork over the great toe or malleoli, is also a predictor of ulceration.
Numerous cross-sectional studies have been done in attempts to define risk factors for peripheral sensory polyneuropathy. Longitudinal studies, although less numerous, are preferable for multivariate analysis. In the Seattle Prospective Foot Study, hyperglycemia was a predictor of monofilament insensitivity. There was a 15% increase in risk for each 1% increase in HbAlc. In a prospective study of type 2 diabetics in Finland, glycemia was a predictor of peripheral sensory polyneuropathy. Evidence from the UKPDS and the Kumomoto Study that intensive glycemic management delays progression of sensory neuropathy in type 2 diabetes lends strong support to the concept that hyperglycemia is the predominant risk factor for peripheral sensory polyneuropathy. Other risk markers include age, height, ethnicity (American Indians), alcohol abuse, and increased urinary albumin excretion.
*99\357\8*

DIETARY RECOMMENDATION FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES: MIXING OF OILS

Saturated fatty acids and dietary cholesterol reduce the activity of LDL (low density lipoprotein) receptor in the liver leading to decreased removal of LDL from blood, the cholesterol and LDL will thus rise in blood. For 1% decrease in calories from SFA (saturated fats), there is decrease in blood cholesterol level of almost 3 mg/dl. Unlike dietary cholesterol and SFA, PUFA (polyunsaturated fats) generally act to decrease blood lipid levels mainly LDL as mentioned before when taken in limited quantity. There are two main PUFA (a) linoleic acid (LA/n-6) common sources are safflower, sunflower, corn and sesame and (b) alpha-linolenic acid (ALNA/n-3) common source fish oils, to some extent mustard and rapeseed oil.
For 1% increase in the calorie from linoleic acid (n-6) in diet the decrease in blood cholesterol is about 1.5 mg/dl. Recent theories have shown that with too much increase of n-6 the diet can lead to harmful effects like gall-bladder disease, suppression of immune system, reduced HDL and may increase cancer of intestine, therefore a balance has to be maintained in n-6/n-3 ratio to make the diet healthy.
*6/356/5*

DIETS AND ASTHMA: VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTS

Active supplements are the least expensive, most effective health insurance you can buy.
Which Vitamin Formulas Are for You?
The first question to be answered is: why take vitamins in the first place? You have all heard or read the claim that if you eat a well-balanced diet you will get all you need from it. If a doctor finds you have a viral illness, he or she is likely to prescribe some antibiotics. The rationale often given is that while the antibiotics do not affect the virus, it is possible that your depleted resistance will cause you to develop a secondary bacterial infection, and this is the way to protect you from that. In other words, you are given a medication for something you do not have, just in case you might get it. If an alternative medicine practitioner gives you a vitamin, mineral or other supplement to strengthen your resistance, orthodoxy will claim that it is useless because the supplement has no action on the presenting complaint.
I am sure you’ve also heard that if you do need a vitamin, you should get it from eating the food that contains it. Antibiotics are made from moulds; for example, penicillin can be found on mouldy bread. To take vitamins from foods, when massive doses may be needed to help your body fight a disease, makes as much sense as your doctor telling you to eat a kilo of mouldy bread when you have an infection.
People are becoming increasingly aware that nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and amino acids are not only useful in treating some illnesses but can also play a major role in the prevention of disease and maintenance of good health. Partly as a result of this, health food manufacturers have proliferated.
Some of them have even tried to market one single vitamin supplement formula, arguing that it will provide benefits in a large number of sometimes contradictory conditions. One does not have to be a scientist to understand that if a formula calculated to increase the immune response is taken by someone with an already overactive immune system, such as in autoimmune disorders and some viral conditions or allergies, then the sufferer could get worse rather than better. Yet such inappropriate use of formulas is far more common than one would expect.
The consumer is faced with the usual dilemma. Which product is best? Which is more suited to my needs? While seeking professional help from a qualified naturopath-nutritionist or a doctor experienced in nutritional medicine is invariably the best way to approach this problem, many people simply choose to walk into a health food store or pharmacy and purchase a supplement formula they have heard about. In the vast majority of cases they will buy a product that is eminently safe and generally useful. If the formula has been prescribed by a practitioner the customer has the added advantage of purchasing something that is more personalised.
In some cases, however, one or more components of the formula may be inappropriate. Ideally you should choose a formula that contains all the ingredients that are helpful for your particular health condition and none that are not. Asthma sufferers can have an allergic reaction to almost anything. It is possible, therefore, that 90 per cent of the ingredients in a formula are of great benefit but the one that the patient is allergic to will cause a reaction. As far as asthmatics are concerned, small, specialised formulas with a few ingredients calculated to address specific problems are generally better than formulas that contain as many ingredients as possible and are said to be good for everything.
If following the advice of a health professional, the consumer will be given instructions on when and how to take the formula. In a viral problem, when the liver has been affected, magnesium is better taken early in the morning and calcium late in the evening. A formula that contains both will not maximise the effects of either mineral. Single amino acids, when taken to enhance the formation and activity of brain chemicals, will almost invariably be more useful if they are taken on an empty stomach, but many vitamin supplements are better taken with meals.
Of the hundreds of phone enquiries we receive, many are simply to ask which ‘formula’ is more likely to be of benefit to the caller. It is obviously impossible to recommend one formula from the hundreds available, simply because it will depend on the condition one suffers and the purpose for taking the supplement in the first place. Cysteine, for example, is a powerful antioxidant which helps to reduce the effects of allergies, but it also promotes the growth of Candida in the gut.
While vitamins and nutrients in general are safe in most cases, even at doses hundreds of times the recommended daily allowance, fat-soluble vitamins in very large doses can be dangerous in some circumstances.
Many supplements are sold in different forms, and sometimes only one form is suitable while another form of the same vitamin may be either inappropriate or less effective. There are, for example, two totally different types of vitamin B3. One of them, niacin, not only helps to lower cholesterol (which may or may not be beneficial) but also lowers the level of lipoprotein A in the blood. This factor is now believed to be the major contributing risk factor in heart disease. Niacin, however, can cause headaches and skin rashes in some people and can be dangerous to some asthmatics. The other form, niacinamide, has no effect whatsoever on cholesterol but is useful in the treatment of certain forms of arthritis. It rarely affects anyone with asthma.
*43\145\2*

ARTHRITIS: THYROID EXTRACTS HAVE SOME MERIT

Doctors treating arthritis next turned to compounds derived from thyroid extracts. We believe these preparations may do some good, because of the iodine value. Sixty per cent, of your body’s iodine is tied up in the thyroid gland. When you lack vigour, a basal metabolism test will generally reveal a sluggish thyroid. A good percentage of osteo- and rheumatoid arthritics have a sluggish thyroid gland.
Such a thyroid deficiency usually indicates a lack of body iodine. Symptoms of this deficiency include dry skin, brittle nails and slow pulse. Also you may notice coarser skin over the ankles, cheek bones, and back of the hands, or intermittent swelling about the eyes, cold and clammy legs or hands.
To correct these conditions, however, instead of taking a thyroid extract (a compound like potassium iodide) why not use simple cod-liver oil? The iodine in cod-liver oil can nourish an ailing thyroid —plus the entire arthritic body! The arthritic choosing cod-liver oil for its iodine can easily correct his many external symptoms of dryness. And, at the very same time, he will be lubricating the joints themselves.
*66\146\2*

Существуют четыре особых типа астмы

December 1, 2010 by admin · Comments Off
Filed under: Asthma 

Существуют четыре особых типа астмы, требующих специального рассмотрения: 1) астма физического усилия; 2) скрытая астма; 3) «аспириновая» астма»; 4) профессиональная астма.
1. Астма физического усилия.
Ещё 200 году н. э. философ Аретей писал: «Если от бега, гимнастических упражнений или от иной работы дыхание становится затруднённым, это называется астмой».
Феномен появления хрипов во время физических нагрузок или после них называется астмой физического усилия (АФУ). Длительность и интенсивность любой физической деятельности зависит от общего физического состояния человека и от его выносливости. В норме, при физической нагрузке бронхи расширяются, что позволяет им усилить кислородно-углекислотный обмен. Раскрытие бронхов объясняется выбросом адреналина из надпочечников.
Когда физическую нагрузку испытывает астматик, происходит наоборот. Бронхи сжимаются, и через пять-десять минут больной, занимающийся спортивными упражнениями начинает кашлять и хрипеть.
На степень тяжести АФУ влияет несколько факторов, том числе, тип упражнений. Занятия на холодном сухом воздухе с гораздо большей вероятностью приводят к АФУ, чем занятия в тёплой влажной атмосфере. Бег более всего чреват неприятностями, чем плавание или велосипед. Важна и продолжительность нагрузок. Длительный период нагрузок увеличивает вероятность появления бронхоспазма, вызванного упражнениями. Многие больные с АФУ хрипят во время занятий лишь в свой аллергический сезон или периоды высокой температуры и влажности, когда в воздухе много загрязняющих веществ.
Диагностировать АФУ несложно. Главный вопрос врача звучит так: «Вы кашляете или чихаете после физического напряжения, особенно в холодную сухую погоду?». Если ответ положительный, можно быть почти уверенным в диагнозе. Иногда с АФУ путают обычное отсутствие натренированности и неумение правильно дышать во время физических упражнений. В этих случаях бывает необходимо провести испытание. Человек встаёт на бегущую дорожку и в течение 4-5 минут, а иногда дольше подвергается физическим нагрузкам. Затем производят измерение ёмкости лёгких и осмотр грудной клетки. Наличие хрипов или падение на 15-20% пиковой производительности лёгких подтверждает диагноз АФУ.
Астма физического усилия, несомненно, часто остаётся недиагностированной. К некоторому удивлению исследователей, почти 50% из 151 исследованных футболиста продемонстрировали положительную реакцию на симптомы астмы.
АФУ, по сути дела, является мини-приступом астмы и у некоторых людей – единственной формой, в которой проявляется астма. АФУ бывает только у астматиков, но у большинства астматиков имеется АФУ. У многих пациентов, страдающих астмой, в истории болезни может отсутствовать упоминание об АФУ, поскольку они никогда не испытывали физических нагрузок, достаточно интенсивных для проявления соответствующих симптомов. Либо они попросту не могут заниматься физкультурой, либо им отсоветовали это члены семьи или лечащий врач. В то же время, доказано, что дети, страдающие астмой, улучшают своё состояние, занимаясь такими видами спорта, как велосипед, бег и плавание.
Есть простые советы людям, испытывающим АФУ: носите на лице маску или закрывайте рот и нос шарфом, если занимаетесь в холодную погоду! Такое прикрытие позволяет постоянно вдыхать обратно часть выдыхаемого воздуха, который согрет, увлажнён и потому менее опасен для астматика.
2. Скрытая астма.
Не у всех больных астмой проявляются явные симптомы в виде приступов кашля и хрипов. Единственным симптомом может быть учащённое дыхание, ощущение тяжести в груди или непрекращающийся кашель или насморк. Медицинские исследования показывают, что у каждого третьего пациента с кашлем необъяснимого происхождения может быть недиагностированная астма. Врачи называют такой вид астмы скрытой, или «кашельной» астмой. Кашель при скрытой астме сильно отличается от кашля, вызванного обычной простудой или гриппом. Он способен прерывать сон, и зачастую его вызывают холодный воздух или физическая нагрузка.
Врачи из-за отсутствия хрипов в лёгких, прописывают всевозможные средства – антигистаминные препараты, микстуры от кашля. Вывод очевиден: не все астматики хрипят, и если вы или кто-то из ваших близких часто кашляет во сне или после физических нагрузок, то одним из объяснений такого состояния может быть скрытая астма.
3. «Аспириновая астма».
Аспирин, впервые синтезированный в Германии в 1899 году, теперь является самым применяемым лекарством в мире. Американские фармакологические фирмы производят около 20 тонн аспирина в год. Средний взрослый человек принимает около 10 таблеток аспирина в год. Почти для всех этих миллионов потребителей аспирин является вполне безопасным лекарством. Иначе обстоят дела с людьми, страдающими от астмы, тем более, когда речь идёт о взрослых, у которых вероятность возникновения аллергической реакции на аспирин в десять раз больше.
Типичный портрет больного с чувствительностью к аспирину и с астмой. Всё обычно начинается с простуды и последующего насморка, длящегося в течение одного-двух лет. Это не обычный насморк, а такой, при котором выделяется большое количество жидкости и требуется использовать по нескольку носовых платков в день. Затем эти люди теряют чувство обоняния или вкуса, а в носу у них начинают развиваться похожие на виноград образования, которые называются носовыми полипами. У таких больных постепенно развивается астма, и многие из них переживают весьма серьёзные астматические приступы после приёма аспирина. Это сочетание носовых полипов и аллергии к аспирину известно как «аспириновая» астма. Чувствительность к аспирину редко встречается у детей. В то же время, предполагают, что у многих взрослых может оказаться эта потенциально тяжёлая форма астмы. Больные с полипами в носу и астмой должны заранее предпринять соответствующие меры, не дожидаясь развития реакции на аспирин. Им следует избегать аспирина и всех иных лекарств, действующих подобно аспирину.
Лекарства, действующие подобно аспирину, называют нестероидными противовоспалительными средствами (НСПВС). Это нестероидные средства, снижающие боль и воспаление и широко используемые для лечения распространённых расстройств опорно-двигательного аппарата, болей в спине и различных типов артритов.
Аспирин входит в состав многих лекарств, продающихся без рецепта, в том числе, во многие смеси от кашля и от простуды. Пациенты с аллергией к аспирину должны внимательно читать этикетки на лекарствах, чтобы удостовериться в том, что они не содержат аспирина.
Одна из распространённых причин тяжёлых аспириновых реакций – это лекарство от зубной боли, содержащее аспирин. Многие чувствительные к аспирину пациенты переживали угрожающие их жизни реакции, приняв всего одну таблетку перкодана.
4. Профессиональная астма.
В своё время Гиппократ писал: «Когда вы приходите в дом пациента, следует спросить, какого типа боли он испытывает, что их вызывает, сколько дней он болеет, как функционирует его пищеварение и чем он питается». В 1713 году доктор Рамаццини, которого называют отцом медицины профзаболеваний, добавил к вопросам Гиппократа ещё один пункт: «Какова ваша профессия?».
Подобно многим легочным заболеваниям, астма может вспыхивать от воздействия различных веществ, которому человек подвергается на рабочем месте или в домашней мастерской. Врачи называют такой тип астмы профессиональной. Будучи побочным продуктом современной науки и производства, профессиональная астма проявляет тенденцию резкого роста. Ныне известно более 150 химических соединений, которые способны вызывать астму на рабочем месте.
Профессиональная астма носит множество масок. Рабочий завода, фабрики или служащий офиса приходит на работу в понедельник утром, чувствуя себя превосходно, но постепенно у него появляются жар, озноб, хрипы или похожее на грипп состояние, которое многие называют «понедельник – день тяжёлый» или «понедельничной ломкой». У других работников набор симптомов развивается с некоторой задержкой. Они начинают чувствовать себя плохо лишь в следующие дни недели. У большинства людей с профессиональной астмой состояние здоровья улучшается во время выходных дней или отпуска. Стимуляторы профессиональной астмы могут быть аллергическими и неаллергическими. Типичный пример неаллергической профессиональной астмы – это домохозяйка, начинающая хрипеть в плохо вентилируемой комнате, когда гладит бельё, где витают испарения стирального порошка или отбеливателя. Примеры аллергических реакций – это ветеринар, у которого появляются хрипы при контакте с животными, или пекарь, испытывающий аллергию к муке. При некоторых формах профессиональной астмы работники становятся чувствительными даже к мельчайшим количествам химических веществ, используемых на рабочем месте.
Недавно выявлена новая и, возможно, очень опасная форма профессиональной астмы. Это ТМА (три-металлический ангидрид) – широко используемая эпоксидная смола – вызывает всевозможные типы реакций, включая «понедельничную ломку», аллергическую астму и тяжёлые реакции повышенной чувствительности, приводящие к затруднению дыхания и даже к смерти.
Лечение профессиональной астмы сводится к избеганию контакта с провоцирующим веществом. Работодатель обязан предпринять все необходимые меры к тому, чтобы свести к минимуму или полностью исключить контакт работника с опасным для него химическим соединением.
Вероятность потери трудоспособности из-за хронической профессиональной астмы можно резко снизить путём ранней диагностики. Медикаментозное лечение астмы не следует считать альтернативой прекращению контакта с угрожающим веществом, однако когда полное уклонение от контакта невозможно, предупредительное применение противоастматического средства, может свести астму, на вдыхаемое вещество, – к минимуму.

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ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE: INCONTINENCE AIDS AND DIFFICULT BEHAVIOUR

Incontinence aids
Following a full assessment, including toileting regimes and perhaps some behaviour therapy, there will be a residual group of men and women who need aids to help them keep dry/clean and dignified. Very few people should be faecally incontinent after a full assessment, but in severe dementia this may be the case. It is possible to constipate the sufferer with tablets, e.g. codeine phosphate, and then give them regular enemas, usually twice a week, given by the carer or a district nurse. This seems to work well with many elderly people. Alternatively pads can be used to cope with both faecal (and urinary) incontinence.
District nurses and continence advisers are the experts in the field of incontinence and should be approached to discuss all the various products available. Carers should ask their GP to arrange a meeting and an assessment.
Difficult behaviour
Unusual restlessness and agitation may indicate that something is wrong, especially in cases where verbal communication is difficult. A need to go to the toilet or another physical reason may be the cause, and should be looked for. Sometimes however it is due to the Alzheimer’s disease itself and where it becomes exhausting for both sufferer and carer medication can be given. A useful drug for this problem is Melleril/thioridazine. Wandering however is not usually the same as restlessness or repetitive behaviour, and sedating a wanderer does more harm than good, making them drowsy, unsteady on their feet and often incontinent.
Aggression by a sufferer can be very difficult to cope with, especially if persistent and severe. There are no easy answers, but the carer should not hit back, where at all possible should avoid physical confrontation and in particular should not restrain the sufferer. If it is not an isolated incident then help should be sought by asking any of the professional agencies, especially the GP. Most outbursts are triggered by a reaction, often frustration, and a subsequent similar scene can often be avoided. Persistent aggression needs specialized help from a psychogeriatrician.
Occasionally in advanced dementia sufferers bite or have other spiteful behaviour, e.g. pinching, spitting, etc. This is extremely trying and demanding for the carer, but kindness and patience usually keep the situation manageable. In order to remain kind and patient the carer needs adequate rest, occasional breaks and access to professional help when necessary.
*40/128/5*

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EYE PROTECTION AT HOME, AT WORK, AND IN SPORTS

Numerous accidents and substances can negatively affect the eye. Heavily chlorinated pools can cause a mild chemical burn of the cornea, resulting in scratchy feelings in the eyes. Eye infections come from public swimming pools and ponds which may be prevented by wearing watertight swim goggles or face masks.
Next to cataract, eye injury is the most common cause of visual impairment in the United States today, warns the National Society to Prevent Blindness (NSPB). Virginia S. Boyce, executive director of the 75-year-old voluntary sight-saving organization, points out that a million Americans are permanent causalities of accidental eye damage, most of it occurring in ordinary everyday activities. Forty-five percent of vision-impairing injuries occur around the home.
“Accidents will happen,” Mrs. Boyce said. “These often can’t be prevented.” Ammonia, lye, and other harsh chemicals found in household cleaners and garden sprays are particularly damaging to the eye, resulting in injury, burns – even blindness. She recommends that you read package labels and instructions thoroughly before using such products. Many give specific directions, and ignoring them can result in injuries. Use special caution with pressurized spray cans. Be sure the spray nozzle is directed away from you. Spray cans make tempting toys, so be sure to keep them well out of reach of children.
Wood slivers, rocks, metal pieces, and other particles thrown off by hand tools and power equipment like drills, welding equipment, and chain saws also cause serious eye damage. Lawnmowers, frequently a cause of eye injuries, can hurl a stone at high speed into your eye or that some unsuspecting bystander. Keep young children away when you’re mowing. Be sure that all tools and machinery are kept in good repair.
In 1983, 12,028 Americans were treated in hospital emergency rooms for injuries from fireworks, almost one-third more than the total reported for 1982. Nearly 15 percent of those injuries were to the eye, reports Mrs. Boyce’s National Society to Prevent Blindness. “Since there is no way to estimate how many were treated in doctors’ offices, at home, or by direct hospital admission, this figure is only a fraction of actual injuries,” said the NSPB executive director. “Punks, sparklers, firecrackers, bottle rockets, M-80′s – these and all fireworks endanger the eyes. They may seem harmless, but even sparklers burn at heat exceeding 1500 degrees F.”
For many years the Society has urged that fireworks be limited to licensed public displays. Although this is law in twenty-eight states, bootleg fireworks are still sold regularly on street corners and in many stores. The struggle goes on to save eyesight even though people do things to themselves. “Those nineteen and under suffered nearly two-thirds of the injuries last year,” Mrs. Boyce noted, adding that “the victims are frequently innocent bystanders. Keep your children away from all fireworks and from anyone who uses them. They may look like fun to youngsters, but fireworks are explosives that can cause injuries, even blindness”.
Three days after Independence Day 1984, on July 7th, it was announced by the media that 8,490 people, mostly children, were treated for injuries from the use of fireworks on the Fourth of July alone. Fireworks should be banned for private use and only shown in displays by authorized agencies hiring professionals to handle them.
Incidentally, Mrs. Boyce advises that if getting to the eye doctor is something you keep putting off, you can perform some simple eye tests at home with a kit from the NSPB. The Home Eye Test for Adults checks distance vision, near vision, and whether or not you have macular degeneration, a disorder of the eye anterior. If you fail any of the tests, you should visit an eye specialist.
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NATURAL THERAPIES FOR INSOMNIA: SPIRITUAL HEALING

Spiritual healing, with its calming and uplifting effects on mind and body, can be extremely helpful with insomnia. It is also compatible with any other treatment you may be having, whether physical or psychological. Healing is numerically by far the largest of the natural therapies, with around 8,000 healer members in the Confederation of Healing Organizations, and probably as many outside it.
Some people are wary of healing because it is not fully explicable, and because of its supernatural associations. However, it is probably a perfectly natural human ability, which is beginning to come into its own. Today many doctors, as well as alternative practitioners, recognize that human beings consist of more than the visible, tangible physical body. Healing works primarily on the energy system, thus simultaneously treating mental, emotional and physical problems.
The Confederation of Healing Organizations, founded in the early 1980s, has done much to change the image of healers and make it more acceptable to the medical profession. The CHO is an umbrella organization for a number of different healing groups; although they have somewhat different philosophies and explanations for healing, its members are bound by a common code of conduct. The CHO aims to work in cooperation with the medical profession, and is conducting trials into the results of healing, supervised by medical experts. It has also encouraged the setting up of proper healer training courses.
Healers hold a variety of beliefs, and belong to all kinds of religious denominations, or none. There should be nothing weird about a healing session, provided you don’t fall into the hands of a charlatan — unfortunately there are a few around. While many healers are spiritualists and regard their gifts as being assisted by spirit helpers, this is by no means always the case. These days, the power of healing is often explained in terms of the body’s energy system, rather than in terms of spirits.
What is common to almost every healer is the belief in a cosmic or divine energy which is totally benign and loving. Healers see themselves as channels for this energy, which is transferred to patients through their hands (or by thought, in the case of distant healing). Imbalances caused by emotional trauma, and physical and nutritional stress, appear first within the energy field, before becoming consolidated in bodily symptoms. So it is in the energy field that healing starts. The transference of healing energy restores harmony to mind, body and spirit — hence the term ‘spiritual healing’.
A healing session can last from 20 minutes to an hour. The healer will usually chat with you first, and then ask you to sit or lie down; you don’t have to remove any clothing. Many of them work almost purely in the energy field around the body, in which they can sense areas where there are problems. Others will lay their hands directly on painful areas, often relieving pain very rapidly. Many combine the two techniques.
Results are rarely instant or miraculous. The time it will take to bring about a cure or improvement depends very much on the condition of the individual patients and how long they have had their problem. Although faith is not necessary, patients can aid the healing process by being receptive and open minded. Some people feel the energy flowing from the healer as a hot or cold current, or a pleasant tingling. It is not necessary to feel anything, however, for healing to take effect.
Healing is usually a very relaxing experience; some people go to sleep during a session, and many sleep extra well afterwards. Patients often leave a session feeling emotionally and spiritually uplifted. Healers can also provide regular support for people going through difficult times, and help them to build up their own inner resources. Sometimes during a healing session patients find themselves crying, releasing pent-up stress or grief.
Many healers have clairvoyant or strongly intuitive gifts, which can help them to pinpoint the causes of people’s problems. Many, too, are excellent intuitive counsellors, and healer training courses increasingly emphasize the development of counselling skills. It is important, they say, to heal not only the physical but the emotional/spiritual causes of illness. A number of them encourage patients to take part in the release of past stresses, through visualization, meditation, and forgiveness.
Some use aids like colour therapy (either projecting colour mentally, or using coloured lamps), gems and crystals, sound and even movement. Some call themselves ‘etheric healers’ or ‘subtle energy healers’. And an increasing number of practitioners in other natural therapies also have healing gifts which can add a whole extra dimension to their treatment, whether or not they announce this fact. A number of these belong to the Association of Therapeutic Healers, listed below.
One woman began seeing a healer specifically for her insomnia, which had been extremely severe for several years; she was only sleeping for two or three hours a night. She had a number of emotional problems and, having decided to sort herself out, was also seeing a psychotherapist. Initially she found herself sleeping much better for two or three nights following each weekly healing session; as time went on, these two or three nights extended into seven nights a week.
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NATURAL THERAPIES FOR INSOMNIA: SHIATSU

Shiatsu, also called acupressure, is a form of oriental massage developed in Japan at the beginning of the twentieth century. It is based on the same principles as acupuncture, but uses the hands, fingers, knuckles and even elbows to stimulate the acupuncture points and rebalance the meridians. Practitioners also use the breath, breathing from the hara, the energy centre in the abdominal area, to direct energy into their hands.
Like acupuncture, Shiatsu helps to rebalance the body’s energy system, relieving aches and pains, tension and stress. Ideally it is used to maintain health and vitality, rather than for curing disease, although in Japan, when practised by experienced practitioners, it can be as effective as acupuncture and medical herbalism.
Self-help
A Shiatsu practitioner may show you how to self-massage the points that will help you relax and improve your sleep. If you have someone to practise with, you can learn some self-help techniques from books, but if you have a medical condition, do not use it as a substitute for proper treatment. There is a form of self-shiatsu called Do-In; look out for evening classes or weekend workshops.
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